Overview
NASA has initiated a research program called "Operation Period" to investigate the physiological effects of menstruation in microgravity. This marks the first systematic effort to address the health needs of menstruating astronauts during extended spaceflights.
Objectives and Approach
The study will monitor female crew members throughout their menstrual cycles on the International Space Station. It combines medical measurements—such as blood loss volume and hormone levels—with psychological surveys to capture both physical and mental dimensions.
Implications for Future Missions
Findings are expected to inform the development of hygiene solutions and medical guidelines for long‑duration missions to the Moon or Mars. Improved knowledge will aid crew composition planning and the design of onboard habitats.
Collaboration and Timeline
NASA, in partnership with the Johnson Space Center and several research institutions, will conduct the project. The first trial is scheduled for the second quarter of 2027, with results anticipated by 2029.